DOI: 10.47743/jss-2024-70-4-8

Abstract: This paper focuses on the practical implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted by instrumental analytical methods, which, through the data obtained, provide novel evidentiary systems, such as the identification of new archaeometric and chemometric characteristics experimentally validated and sequentially processed for dating, period classification, and attribution to an author, school, or geographical area. The integration of AI significantly eases the work of art investigators. Collaboration between an AI specialist and a scientific art expert will always enhance the degree of validation regarding the authenticity of an artifact. AI enables the utilization of historical information about materials and their state of preservation to determine when and where an object was created by employing new approaches in the field. This involves an integrated AI strategy in decision-making processes using multi-analytical experimental systems, offering a “cumulative synthesis” that surpasses the professional intuition and instinct of art historians. This is achieved through the interpretation of analytical data provided by technical-scientific experts, allowing for the validation of real evidentiary characteristics. Thus, AI increasingly establishes itself as a practical domain with exceptional potential for complex analyses in authentication and attribution of authorship for newly discovered or scarcely studied artifacts. The co-assistance and corroboration between an AI specialist and a scientific art expert will always prove beneficial in enhancing the validation of inquiries by providing answers as close to the truth as possible. This includes authentication, assessment of the state of preservation, and determination of patrimonial value through market or catalog rankings.

Keywords: artifact, forgery and counterfeiting, experimental protocol, authentication, valorization, artificial intelligence (IA).

References:

Dame, C. C. (1948), Metal Casting of Sculpture, The Standard Arts Press, Butler, MD. USA Dumitrescu, E. (2010), Artă si tehnologie: Sculptura în bronz – Despre turnarea formelor prin metoda cerii pierdute, Editura UNARTE, București, pp. 93-98.

Edilberto, F. (1999), I grandi bronzi antichi – le fonderie e le tecniche di lavorazione dall’eta arcaica al Rinascimento, Nuova Imagine Editrice.

Humphrey, J.W.; Oleson, J.P.; Sherwood, A.N. (1998), Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook Annotated Translations of Greek and Latin Texts and Documents, London and New York Routledge.

Kjellberg, P. (1994), Bronzes of the Nineteenth Century: Dictionary of Sculptors, Early edition, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., ISBN: 0887406297, 9780887406294, 684 p. (a se vedea pagina 220).

De Champeaux, A. (1886), Dictionnaire des fondeurs, ciseleurs, modelleurs en bronze, et doreurs, Vol. I, J. Rouam Editor, Paris, 357p.

Dupuis, G.; Menu, M. (2006), Quantitative characterisation of pigment mixtures used in art by fibre-optics diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy, Applied Physics A-Materials Science & Processing, 83(4), pp. 469-474.

Lami, S. (1970), Dictionnaire des Sculpteurs de L'École Français, Au Dix-Neuvième Siècle, Vol I, p. 85.

La Nasa, J.; Doherty, B; Rosi, F.; Braccini, C.; Broers, F.T.H.; Degano, I.; Matinero, J.M.; Miliani, C.; Modugno, F.; Sabatini, F.; Sandu, I.C.A.; Cartechini, L. (2021), An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo, Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article Number: 7152, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86031-6.

Lorusso, S.; Vandini, M.; Matteucci, C.; Tumidei, S.; Campanella, L. (2003), Anamnesistorica ed indaginediagnostica del dipinto ad olio su tavola "Madonna con bambino e santi Girolamo e Caterina da Siena" attribuibile a Domenico Beccafumi (1486- 1551), Quaderni di Scienza della Conservazione, pp. 47-68.

Macchia, A.; Aureli, H.; Colasanti, I.A.; Rivaroli, L.; Tarquini, O.; Sabatini, M.; Dattanasio, M.; Pantoja Munoz, L.; Colapietro, M.; La Russa, M.F. (2012), In Situ Diagnostic Analysis of the Second Half of XVIII Century “Morte Di Sant’orsola" Panel Painting Coming from Chiesa Dei Santi Leonardo E Erasmo Roccagorga (Lt, Italy), International Journal of Conservation Science, 12(4), pp. 1377-1390.

Matei, G. (2019), Investigarea criminalistică a infracţiunilor privind operele de artă şi artefactele arheologice, Editura Univers Juridic, București.

Sandu, I. (2022), Modern Aspects Regarding the Conservation of Cultural Heritage Artifacts, International Journal of Conservation Science, 13(4), pp. 1187-1208.

Sandu, I. (2023), New Materials and Advanced Procedures of Conservation Ancient Artifacts, Applied Sciences-Basel, 13(14), Article Number: 8387, https://doi.org/10.3390/ app13148387.

Sandu, I.; Cotiuga, V. (2011), Cercetarea criminalistică a bunurilor de patrimoniu și a documentelor falsificate, Editura AIT Laboratory, București.

Sandu, I.; Dima, A.; Sandu, I.G. (2002), Restaurarea și conservarea artefactelor metalice, Editura Corson, Iaşi.

Sandu, I.; Lupascu, E.; Sandu, I.C.A.; Ivashko, Y (2023), .Artefactometrical Assessment of Works of Art by Summing the Impact Grids of Altmetric Quantification, Egyptian 103

I. SANDU, S. ALĂMOREANU, V. VASILACHE, V. DROBOTĂ, A. V. SANDU, A. DROB, P. Ov. TĂNASĂ, I. C. NEGRU Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 13(2), pp. 185-196. DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2021.210364.

Sandu, I.; Popoiu, P.; van Saanen, A.; Sandu, I.C.A. (2001), Aspecte metodologice privind conservarea științifică a patrimoniului cultural, Editura Corson, Iași.

Sandu, I.; Tanasa, O.; Negru, I.C.; Lupascu, M.-M.; Vasilache, V.; Chirila, M. (2022), Authentication of a Painting by Rene Magritte, International Journal of Conservation Science, 13(SI 1), pp. 1445-1462.

Sandu, I.; van Saanen, A.; Sandu, I.C.A. (1998), Expertiza științifică a operelor de artă, vol. I, Autentificarea, stabilirea paternităţii și evaluarea patrimonială, Editura Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iași.

Silva, D. (2010), The Rembrandt Affair. The Library of Congress Catalog Record, ISBN 9780399156588, Editura G.P. Putnam's Sons (US).

Sean, H. (2004), The Horse and Jockey from Artemision: A Bronze Equestrian Monument of the Hellenistic Period, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London.

Strauss, W.L.; van der Meulen, M., (1979), The Rembrandt Documents, New York, 320, doc. no. 1654/15; Dudok van Heel in Josua Bruyn (1991) Rembrandt’s Workshop: Its Function and Production, Berlin.

Tanasa, P.O.; Sandu, I.; Vasilache, V.; Sandu, I.G.; Negru, I.C.; Sandu, A.V. (2020),

Authentication of a Painting by Nicolae Grigorescu Using Modern Multi-Analytical Methods, Applied Sciences-Basel, 10(10), Article Number: 3558. DOI: 10.3390/app10103558.