DOI: 10.47743/jss-2025-71-1-2

Rezumat: Imunitatea de jurisdicţie a fost un obstacol major în calea apariţiei fondurilor speculative de tip vulture funds. Astfel, până la mijlocul secolului XX, instanţele din Statele Unite aplicau doctrina imunităţii suverane absolute, care proteja statele debitoare de acţiunile intentate de creditori privaţi. Cu toate acestea, în 1952, Departamentul de Stat al Statelor de Unite ale Americii a introdus conceptul de imunitate suverană restrictivă, sugerând că statele străine nu ar trebui să se mai bucure de imunitate de jurisdicţie atunci când litigiul are legătură cu o activitate comercială desfăşurată de acestea. Însă, fără o legislaţie clară care să definească noţiunile de imunitate de jurisdicţie şi activitate comercială, instanţele au fost cele care au interpretat intenţiile legiuitorului american. Prin urmare, în această lucrare, ne propunem să analizăm modul în care instanţele americane au conturat noţiunea de activitate comercială, urmând să evidenţiem etapele cruciale care au dus la erodarea imunităţii suverane, facilitând astfel apariţia fondurilor de tip vulture funds.

Cuvinte-cheie: imunitate de jurisdicţie, vulture funds, interpretare.

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